Шууд бус яриа 1 (He said that …)
Reported speech 1 (He said that …)
Хэн нэгний хэлсэн үгийг дамжуулан хэлэхэд цаг нэг алхам ухарна (backshift). Мөн төлөөний үг, цаг хугацааны үг өөрчлөгдөнө.
Товч дүгнэлт
- am/is → was; are → were; do → did; have → had; will → would; can → could
- Present simple → past simple: "I am tired" → He said he was tired.
- that-ыг орхиж болно: He said (that) he was tired.
- Одоо ч үнэн бол цаг ухраахгүй байж болно
Цагийн өөрчлөлт (backshift)
| Шууд яриа | Шууд бус яриа |
|---|---|
| present simple (do) | past simple (did) |
| present continuous (am doing) | past continuous (was doing) |
| present perfect (have done) | past perfect (had done) |
| past simple (did) | past perfect (had done) |
| will | would |
| can | could |
| may | might |
| must | had to / must |
Үндсэн дүрэм
Basic backshift
say/tell гэх мэт үйл үг өнгөрсөн цагт байвал дараах өгүүлбэрийн цаг нэг алхам ухарна.
"I am tired." → He said (that) he was tired.
Тэр ядарсан гэж хэлсэн.
"I’m going to the cinema." → She said she was going to the cinema.
Тэр кино театр явж байна гэж хэлсэн.
"I have lost my key." → He said he had lost his key.
Тэр түлхүүрээ алдсан гэж хэлсэн.
"I’ll call you." → He said he would call me.
Тэр над руу залгана гэж хэлсэн.
Бусад өөрчлөлт
Other changes
Төлөөний үг, цаг хугацаа, байрлалын үг ч мөн өөрчлөгдөнө.
I → he/she; my → his/her; we → they
Төлөөний үг
now → then; today → that day; tomorrow → the next day
Цаг хугацаа
yesterday → the day before; last week → the week before
Цаг хугацаа
here → there; this → that
Байрлал
Цаг ухраахгүй байж болох үе
When you don’t need to change the tense
Хэлсэн зүйл ОДОО Ч ҮНЭН бол цагийг хэвээр үлдээж болно. Хоёулаа зөв.
Tom said the new restaurant is very good. (одоо ч сайн)
Том шинэ ресторан сайн гэж хэлсэн.
Tom said the new restaurant was very good. (мөн зөв)
She said she is Mongolian. (үргэлж үнэн)
Тэр монгол хүн гэж хэлсэн.
say vs tell
- He said (that) he was tired.
- He said to me that …
- ✗ He said me that …
- He told me (that) he was tired.
- tell somebody something
- ✗ He told that …
Дасгал
6 даалгаварШууд бус яриа болгож бич.
"I am very tired." (He said) → He said ___ .
Хувиргах"I have lost my keys." (She said) → She said ___ .
Хувиргах"I’ll see you tomorrow." (Tom said) → Tom said ___ .
Хувиргахsay эсвэл tell сонго.
He ___ me that he was busy.
СонгохАлдааг зас.
She said me that she was ill.
Алдаа засах"I can help you." (He said) → He said ___ .
Хувиргах