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5🕐 Одоо ба өнгөрсөн цаг

Энгийн өнгөрсөн цаг (I did)

Past simple (I did)

Өнгөрсөн тодорхой үед эхэлж дууссан үйлдэл. Ихэвчлэн yesterday, last week, in 2010, ago зэрэг цагийн үгтэй хамт.

Товч дүгнэлт

  • Regular verb: -ed нэмнэ (work → worked)
  • Irregular verb: цээжлэх шаардлагатай (go → went, see → saw)
  • Үгүйсгэх/асуухад did хэрэглэнэ, үндсэн үйл үг үндсэн хэлбэртэй: Did you go? / I didn’t go.
  • be үйл үг онцгой: was / were (did хэрэглэхгүй)

Past simple

Ерөнхий үйл үгbe үйл үг
БатлахI played football.I was tired. / They were late.
ҮгүйсгэхI didn't play football.I wasn't tired. / They weren't late.
АсуухDid you play football?Were you tired?
Богино хариултYes, I did. / No, I didn't.Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.

Өнгөрсөнд дууссан үйлдэл

Finished actions in the past

Үйлдэл өнгөрсөн тодорхой цаг үед болж дууссан. Тэр цаг нь хэлэгдсэн эсвэл ярианаас ойлгомжтой байна.

  • Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.

    Моцарт 600 гаруй хөгжмийн зохиол бичсэн.

  • I saw Tom in the street yesterday.

    Би өчигдөр Томыг гудамжинд харсан.

  • We enjoyed the party last night.

    Бид өчигдөр үдэш үдэшлэгт таалагдсан.

Спелинг: -ed нэмэхэд

  • work → worked, clean → cleaned
  • -e-ээр төгссөн → зөвхөн -d: live → lived, dance → danced
  • нэг эгшиг + гийгүүлэгч → давхарлана: stop → stopped, plan → planned
  • гийгүүлэгч + y → -ied: study → studied, try → tried
  • эгшиг + y → -ed: play → played, enjoy → enjoyed
  • travel → travelled (BrE) / traveled (AmE)

Хамгийн түгээмэл дүрмийн бус үйл үгс

  • be → was/were
  • go → went
  • do → did
  • have → had
  • say → said
  • get → got
  • make → made
  • know → knew
  • think → thought
  • take → took
  • see → saw
  • come → came
  • give → gave
  • find → found
  • tell → told
  • become → became
  • leave → left
  • feel → felt
  • put → put
  • bring → brought
  • begin → began
  • write → wrote
  • buy → bought
  • eat → ate

Түгээмэл алдаа

did хэрэглэсэн үед үндсэн үйл үг өнгөрсөн хэлбэртэй болохгүй. Цагийн тэмдэглэгээ зөвхөн нэг удаа гарна.

  • Did you went to the party?

    (Буруу)

  • Did you go to the party?

    Чи үдэшлэгт очсон уу? (Зөв)

  • She didn't came home.

    (Буруу)

  • She didn't come home.

    Тэр гэртээ ирээгүй. (Зөв)

Дасгал

8 даалгавар

Past simple хэлбэрт оруулна уу.

1

I ___ (see) Tom in the street yesterday.

Нөхөх
2

It was hot in the room, so I ___ (open) the window.

Нөхөх
3

The concert ___ (not / start) on time.

Нөхөх
4

What time ___ you ___ (get) up this morning?

Нөхөх
5

They ___ (be) very tired after the journey.

Нөхөх

Алдааг зас.

6

I didn’t knew the answer.

Алдаа засах
7

She ___ (study) hard and ___ (pass) the exam.

Нөхөх

Асуулт болго.

8

He went to Japan last year.

Хувиргах

Холбоотой хичээл

6. Өнгөрсөн үргэлжлэх цаг (I was doing)13. Present perfect ба past simple 114. Present perfect ба past simple 215. Past perfect (I had done) — өнгөрсний өмнөх