Идэвхгүй хэв 1 (is done / was done)
Passive 1 (is done / was done)
Үйлдлийг хэн хийсэн нь чухал биш, эсвэл мэдэгдэхгүй үед хэрэглэнэ. Обьект нь өгүүлэгдэхүүн болно.
Товч дүгнэлт
- Бүтэц: be + past participle (V3)
- Active: Somebody cleans this room every day.
- Passive: This room is cleaned every day.
- Үйлдэл хийгчийг хэлэх бол by + хийгч
Active → Passive
| Цаг | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Present simple | They clean the room. | The room is cleaned. |
| Past simple | They cleaned the room. | The room was cleaned. |
| Present continuous | They are cleaning the room. | The room is being cleaned. |
| Past continuous | They were cleaning the room. | The room was being cleaned. |
| Present perfect | They have cleaned the room. | The room has been cleaned. |
| Past perfect | They had cleaned the room. | The room had been cleaned. |
| Future | They will clean the room. | The room will be cleaned. |
| Modal | They must clean the room. | The room must be cleaned. |
Хэзээ идэвхгүй хэв хэрэглэх вэ?
When to use the passive
1) Хэн хийснийг мэдэхгүй эсвэл хэлэх шаардлагагүй. 2) Үйлдэл өөрөө илүү чухал. 3) Албан ёсны, эрдэм шинжилгээний, мэдээний хэлэнд.
My wallet was stolen. (хэн хулгайлсныг мэдэхгүй)
Миний түрийвчийг хулгайлсан.
This bridge was built in 1965.
Энэ гүүрийг 1965 онд барьсан.
English is spoken all over the world.
Англи хэлээр дэлхий даяар ярьдаг.
The room is cleaned every day.
Өрөөг өдөр бүр цэвэрлэдэг.
by — үйлдэл хийгчийг заах
by + agent
Хийгчийг заавал хэлэх шаардлагагүй. Гэхдээ чухал мэдээлэл бол by + хийгч гэж нэмнэ.
This house was designed by a famous architect.
Энэ байшинг алдартай архитектор зохион бүтээсэн.
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
"Хамлет"-ыг Шекспир бичсэн.
The window was broken. (хэн болох нь хамаагүй)
Цонх хагарсан байсан.
Active-ийг passive болгох алхмууд
Changing active to passive
1) Active-ийн ОБЬЕКТ → passive-ийн ӨГҮҮЛЭГДЭХҮҮН. 2) be үйл үгийг ижил цагт тавина. 3) Үндсэн үйл үгийг V3 болгоно. 4) Хэрэгтэй бол by + хийгч.
Somebody stole my car. → My car was stolen.
Хэн нэгэн миний машиныг хулгайлсан. → Миний машиныг хулгайлсан.
They will finish the work tomorrow. → The work will be finished tomorrow.
Ажлыг маргааш дуусгана.
Anhaar: зөвхөн transitive verb
Обьектгүй үйл үг (arrive, happen, sleep, come, go, die, exist) passive болдоггүй.
The accident was happened yesterday.
(Буруу)
The accident happened yesterday.
Осол өчигдөр болсон. (Зөв)
Дасгал
7 даалгаварPassive болгож бич.
Somebody cleans this room every day. → This room ___ .
ХувиргахThey built this bridge in 1965. → This bridge ___ .
ХувиргахPassive хэлбэрээр нөхнө үү.
My wallet ___ (steal) yesterday.
НөхөхEnglish ___ (speak) all over the world.
НөхөхThe work ___ (will / finish) tomorrow.
НөхөхАлдааг зас.
The accident was happened last night.
Алдаа засахPassive болго (by-г оруул).
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. → Hamlet ___ .
Хувиргах