EN
40🎯 Нөхцөл ба хүсэл

If I had known … / I wish I had known … (Type 3)

If I had known … I wish I had known …

ӨНГӨРСӨН явдал өөр байсан бол юу болох байсан. Аль хэдийн өөрчлөх боломжгүй тул харамсал илэрхийлнэ.

Товч дүгнэлт

  • Type 3: If + had + V3, … would have + V3
  • I wish I had done … = өнгөрсөнд тэгээгүйдээ харамсаж байна
  • could have / might have + V3 ч болно
  • Холимог: If I had studied (өнгөрсөн), I would be a doctor now (одоо)

Type 3 бүтэц

НөхцөлIf + subject + had + V3If I had known…
Үр дүнwould have + V3…I would have told you.
Хувилбарcould/might have + V3…I could have helped.

Өнгөрсний бодит бус нөхцөл

Unreal past

Өнгөрсөнд болоогүй зүйлийг төсөөлж байна. Бодит байдал үргэлж эсрэгээрээ.

  • If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you. (мэдээгүй, очоогүй)

    Чамайг эмнэлэгт байгааг мэдсэн бол очих байсан.

  • I’m not tired. If I were tired, I’d go to bed. (одоо)

    Би ядраагүй байна.

  • I wasn’t tired last night. If I had been tired, I would have gone to bed. (өнгөрсөн)

    Өчигдөр шөнө ядраагүй байсан.

  • The accident happened because the driver was going too fast. If he hadn’t been going so fast, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

    Жолооч хэт хурдалсан тул осол болсон. Хэрэв тийм хурдлаагүй бол осол болохгүй байсан.

I wish + past perfect

I wish … had done

Өнгөрсөнд болсон/болоогүй зүйлд харамсах. Аль хэдийн өөрчлөгдөхгүй.

  • I wish I had known that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him.

    Гэри өвчтэй байсныг мэдсэн бол дээ. Очиж уулзах байсан.

  • I feel sick. I wish I hadn’t eaten so much cake.

    Би муухай байна. Тийм их бялуу идээгүй байсан бол дээ.

  • Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages?

    Хэл сурахын оронд байгалийн ухаан сурсан бол гэж бодож байна уу?

Холимог нөхцөл

Mixed conditionals

Өнгөрсний нөхцөл → одоогийн үр дүн, эсвэл эсрэгээр. Хоёр цагийг холино.

  • If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.

    Хэрэв би анагаах ухаан сурсан бол одоо эмч байх байсан.

  • If she weren’t so shy, she would have spoken to him.

    Хэрэв тэр ичимхий биш байсан бол түүнтэй ярих байсан.

Түгээмэл алдаа

if хэсэгт would have ХЭРЭГЛЭХГҮЙ. Тэнд зөвхөн had + V3.

  • If I would have known, I would have come.

    (Буруу)

  • If I had known, I would have come.

    Мэдсэн бол ирэх байсан. (Зөв)

Дасгал

6 даалгавар

Type 3 хэлбэрээр нөхнө үү.

1

If I ___ (know) you were in hospital, I ___ (visit) you.

Нөхөх
2

The driver was going too fast. If he ___ (not / drive) so fast, the accident ___ (not / happen).

Нөхөх

wish + past perfect ашиглан нөхнө үү.

3

I feel sick. I wish I ___ (not / eat) so much.

Нөхөх
4

I wish I ___ (bring) my camera — the view is beautiful.

Нөхөх

Алдааг зас.

5

If I would have seen you, I would have said hello.

Алдаа засах

Холимог нөхцөл.

6

If I ___ (study) medicine, I ___ (be) a doctor now.

Нөхөх

Холбоотой хичээл

38. If I do … ба If I did … (Type 1 ба Type 2)39. If I knew … / I wish I knew … (одоогийн харамсал)41. Wish — бүх хэрэглээ