Can, could ба (be) able to
Can, could and (be) able to
Чадвар, боломжийг илэрхийлнэ. can = одоо, could = өнгөрсөн ерөнхий чадвар, be able to = бусад цагт.
Товч дүгнэлт
- can + V1 (to орохгүй): I can swim.
- could = өнгөрсний ерөнхий чадвар: I could swim when I was five.
- Өнгөрсний нэг тохиолдолд managed to / was able to хэрэглэнэ
- can-д ирээдүй, perfect хэлбэр байхгүй → will be able to, have been able to
can / could / be able to
| Цаг | Хэлбэр | Жишээ |
|---|---|---|
| Одоо | can / am able to | I can speak English. |
| Өнгөрсөн (ерөнхий) | could / was able to | I could run fast when I was young. |
| Өнгөрсөн (нэг удаа амжилттай) | was able to / managed to | The fire spread but everyone was able to escape. |
| Ирээдүй | will be able to | I'll be able to help you tomorrow. |
| Perfect | have been able to | I haven't been able to sleep. |
| Infinitive/-ing | to be able to / being able to | I'd like to be able to fly. |
can — одоогийн чадвар ба боломж
can
can нь чадвар, боломж, зөвшөөрлийг илэрхийлнэ. Дараа нь үйл үг үндсэн хэлбэртэй (to орохгүй), 3-р биед -s нэмэхгүй.
Can you swim?
Чи сэлж чадах уу?
We can see the lake from our window.
Бид цонхноосоо нуурыг харж болно.
I'm afraid I can't come to the party.
Уучлаарай, би үдэшлэгт ирж чадахгүй.
She cans swim.
(Буруу)
could — өнгөрсний ерөнхий чадвар
could — general past ability
Өнгөрсөнд ерөнхийдөө чаддаг байсан зүйл. Тухайн үед байнга чаддаг байсан гэсэн санаа.
My grandfather could speak five languages.
Манай өвөө таван хэл ярьдаг байсан.
When I was younger, I could run very fast.
Залуудаа би маш хурдан гүйдэг байсан.
I couldn't sleep last night.
Өчигдөр шөнө би унтаж чадаагүй.
could ба was able to-ийн чухал ялгаа
Өнгөрсөнд НЭГ тодорхой нөхцөлд амжилттай хийж чадсан бол could ХЭРЭГЛЭХГҮЙ — was/were able to эсвэл managed to хэрэглэнэ. (Гэхдээ үгүйсгэсэн хэлбэрт couldn’t үргэлж болно.)
The fire spread quickly but everybody could escape.
(Буруу)
The fire spread quickly but everybody was able to escape.
Гал хурдан тархсан ч бүгд зугтаж чадсан. (Зөв)
They didn’t want to come with us at first, but we managed to persuade them.
Тэд эхэндээ бидэнтэй явахыг хүсээгүй ч бид тэднийг ятгаж чадсан.
I couldn't find the keys anywhere.
Би түлхүүрийг хаанаас ч олж чадсангүй. (үгүйсгэлд couldn’t зөв)
Мэдрэхүйн үйл үгтэй could
could with see/hear/remember
see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand зэрэгтэй бол нэг удаагийн тохиолдолд ч could хэрэглэдэг.
We could hear them talking in the next room.
Бид тэднийг хажуу өрөөнд ярьж байхыг сонсож байлаа.
I could smell something burning.
Ямар нэг юм түлэгдэж байгаа үнэр мэдрэгдэж байлаа.
Дасгал
7 даалгаварcan / could / be able to-ийн зөв хэлбэрээр нөхнө үү.
My grandfather ___ speak five languages.
НөхөхThe fire spread quickly but everybody ___ escape.
НөхөхI'm sorry I ___ come to your party last night.
НөхөхTom is very busy today, but he ___ (be able to) see you tomorrow.
НөхөхI haven't ___ (be able to) sleep recently.
НөхөхАлдааг зас.
She cans play the piano very well.
Алдаа засахWe ___ hear them talking in the next room.
Нөхөх