Have to ба must — үүрэг
Have to and must
Хоёулаа "заавал хийх ёстой" гэсэн утга. must нь ярьж байгаа хүний бодол, have to нь гаднаас тулгасан дүрэм.
Товч дүгнэлт
- must = дотоод шаардлага, өөрийн бодол: I must call her.
- have to = гадаад дүрэм, нөхцөл байдал: I have to wear a uniform.
- must-д зөвхөн одоо цаг байдаг → бусад цагт have to
- Асуух/үгүйсгэхэд do/does/did хэрэглэнэ: Do you have to …?
have to бүх цагт
| Цаг | Хэлбэр | Жишээ |
|---|---|---|
| Одоо | have to / has to | She has to work late. |
| Өнгөрсөн | had to | I had to go to hospital. |
| Ирээдүй | will have to | You'll have to wait. |
| Асуух | do / does / did … have to? | Do you have to work tomorrow? |
| Үгүйсгэх | don't / doesn't / didn't have to | I don't have to get up early. |
must vs have to
- I must call my mother today. (би өөрөө ингэж бодож байна)
- You must see this film. It’s great! (зөвлөж байна)
- Ихэвчлэн бичгийн хэл, дүрэм журамд
- I have to wear a uniform at work. (компанийн дүрэм)
- She has to travel a lot for her job.
- Ярианы хэлэнд илүү түгээмэл
must-д өнгөрсөн цаг байхгүй
must has no past
must нь зөвхөн одоо/ирээдүйн утгатай. Өнгөрсөн, ирээдүй, perfect зэрэгт заавал have to хэрэглэнэ.
I had to go to hospital last week.
Би өнгөрсөн долоо хоногт эмнэлэгт очих хэрэгтэй болсон.
You'll have to wait a few minutes.
Та хэдэн минут хүлээх хэрэгтэй болно.
I musted go.
(Буруу)
have got to
have got to
Ярианы хэлэнд have to-ийн оронд have got to хэрэглэдэг. Утга ижил.
I've got to go now. = I have to go now.
Би одоо явах хэрэгтэй.
She's got to work tomorrow.
Тэр маргааш ажиллах хэрэгтэй.
Дасгал
7 даалгаварhave to-ийн зөв хэлбэрээр нөхнө үү.
I ___ (go) to hospital last week.
Нөхөх___ you ___ (work) tomorrow?
НөхөхYou ___ (not / come) if you don't want to.
Нөхөхmust эсвэл have to сонгоно уу.
I ___ wear a uniform at work — it’s the company rule.
СонгохI ___ remember to call my mother — I keep forgetting.
СонгохАлдааг зас.
I musted study all night.
Алдаа засахWe'll ___ (leave) early tomorrow.
Нөхөх